4.2+Practice+Subjects

=READ SUBJECT HEADINGS - CH. 6 of the text=

It is well that your authors have put off subject tracings until late in the game because creating subjects is a complex, time-consuming activity. We are not going to go to //Sears// and look up how to create subjects. We are going to use copy cataloging sources which have subjects already created with the various subfields correctly created. It's how you would do it in a library situation. I would recommend that you have a volume of //Sears List of Subject Headings// (current edition is the 21st) which will cost $165 for a new copy as a resource, but it is not required. An older copy will do for several years -- and thus I wouldn't update it necessarily with the newest edition.

BACKGROUND: Text, Chapter 6 -- For my class, **from now on** each item cataloged must have a **minimum of three subjects.** They can be any variety of 6XX (all 650s, for example, or a mixture) but **there must be at least three**. It is an arbitrary number I have made as a requirement. In your own library, you can do as few as you want but I want to caution you that students are used to getting thousands of hits from Google and the more information that you put into a MARC record means that a student will be more likely find the material you have purchased and so carefully processed and cataloged.

@http://www.nlc.state.ne.us/handouts/classmaterials/MARC%202016/MARC%20Week%205%202016.pdf
 * An overview: "Understanding MARC 21 Bibliographic Records: Subject Headings and Personal/Corporate Names**


 * There is a different 6XX tag depending on whether the subject of the item is a person, a corporate name, a topic, or a geographic place. ** (This is a bit like our previous experience with a person as an author or a corporate author (100 $a vs. 110 $a) -- or a personal secondary access point vs. a corporate secondary access point (700 $a vs. 710 $a)). The most common subjects that you will use:
 * ===** 600 $a - Subject is a person (This can be confusing because we have been talking about authors so much. The 600 field is used when an item is ABOUT someone -- not BY someone.) 600 $d LIFE DATES **===
 * ===** 610 $a - Subject is a corporate name **===
 * ===** 650 $a - Subject is a topic **===
 * ===** 651 $a - Subject is geographic **===
 * ====**$655 $a - Genre term**====

Subjects tracings are built with subfields and the information that goes in the subfield is quite specific. By adding subfields the cataloger makes the subject entry more specific. Here are the most common subfields with examples. **The following are SUBDIVISIONS/SUBFIELDS of a single subject heading --they are not separate subject headings but refinements of the topic which make a subject more specific.**

**6XX** (subject access entries)
 * **$v** - (form subdivision - specific kind or genre of material)
 * **$x** - (general or topical subdivision - specific information that doesn't fit the other three subdivisions)
 * **$y** - (chronological subdivision - period of time)
 * **$z** - (geographic subdivision - place, location)

HERE ARE EXAMPLES -
 * 1) ** Notice that whatever is in the $a determines the kind of subject heading you will use ** -- person, geography, etc.
 * 2) **Notice that the content in** ** each subdivision begins with a capital letter ** **- if there is more than one word in the subdivision then sentence case is used as with titles (unless the following word is a proper noun or adjective, of course.)**


 * 600 $a ** Jobs, Steve ** $d ** 1955-2011 (subject is a person - the book is ABOUT Steve Jobs, not written BY him)


 * 610 $a ** Apple Computer ** $x ** History (subject is a corporation)


 * 650 $a ** War and emergency legislation ** $z ** United States ** $v ** Biography (subject is a topic -- this is the most common subject field you will use)


 * 651 $a ** United States ** $x ** History ** $y ** Civil War, 1861-1865 (subject is geographic)


 * 655 $ a** - The genre subject heading is useful to bring together items that are a type of something rather than the 6XX above which are about something. If an English teacher wanted to know if the library has videos that are based on novels, the genre heading //Film adaptations// would be a gathering point in the catalog for all such videos. //Documentary films// as a genre might help social studies teachers just as //Foreign films// would be useful to foreign language teachers. **655 $2** indicates that the genre headings are taken from the Library of Congress authority headings which you will use for this class. (I have found the easiest way to use this list is to do a //find// search (command/control-f) for something that seems reasonable.


 * 655 $a ** Fantasy fiction ** $2 ** lcgft
 * 655 $a ** Biographical films ** $2 l**cgft

=//Sears List of Subject Headings//= If you have access to a more current version of //Sears//, by all means, use it. The PDF file below is accessible to anyone with a Web browser and so it works as an introductory tool. We will use it as part of our practice. **Here is a PDF of a 2007 version of //Sears List of Subject Headings// which you are free to use. @http://bit.ly/1MaJ3HT**

=PRACTICE ASSIGNMENT - 20 POINTS=
 * 1) Read Chapter 6 of the textbook -- although it is pretty dense, I think you will get more out of the ABLE course below.
 * 2) Go through the ABLE course on "Introduction to Subject Headings" from the Idaho Commission for Libraries. The training is slightly over an hour long if you go straight through which I wouldn't recommend. It is a lot to take in all at one sitting. @http://libraries.idaho.gov/files/able/able6/player.html
 * The training is for Library of Congress subject headings. While you will most likely use //Sears// in creating subject headings from scratch, you will even more likely crib the subject headings from another copy catalog source and those headings may be LC or Sears.
 * The philosophy will be the same and there is so much duplication that going through this course as well as the //Sears// PDF above will give you a good foundation for understanding how subject headings are created.
 * //(**For all of the references to specifics in the PDF file, be sure to use**// **Command/Control + f** //**to find what you are looking for. On my computer when I do a Command+f for text, I also see how many times the text is found in the book as a whole. In searching for xli, there were 8 instances and the page with Key Headings was 5 out of 8.)**//
 * **E-mail me a screen grab copy of your certificate of completion by Monday, October 30 by 11:59 as part of your homework for the week**. (20 points) //**(update 10.27)**//
 * 1) Assign three (3) subject headings to each of the following items from the 600, 610, 650, OR 651 fields **plus** one 655 field -- for each of the following below -- you will have **four (4)** 6XX fields for each title. Find your subject headings by using (a) //Sears// or (b)copy cataloging sources or (c) skimming through the item to see what it is about (sometimes that is your only choice).


 * **Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children: The Graphic Novel** @http://amzn.to/2fFeByT
 * **The 9/11 Report: A Graphic Adaptation** @http://amzn.to/2fFkyvE
 * **Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland** @http://www.childrenslibrary.org/icdl/BookPage?bookid=caralic_00150004&pnum1=4&twoPage=false&route=northAmerica&size=0&fullscreen=false&lang=English&ilang=English
 * **Tom of the Raiders** @http://www.childrenslibrary.org/icdl/BookPage?bookid=bistomr_00150035&pnum1=1&twoPage=false&route=text&size=0&fullscreen=false&lang=English&ilang=English
 * **Shark Lady** []
 * **CD - Turandot** @http://www.arkivmusic.com/classical/album.jsp?album_id=755440
 * **CD - Songs in Spanish for Children** @http://www.amazon.com/Songs-Spanish-Children-MARTITA-JEREZ/dp/B00005CEP6/ref=sr_1_12?s=music&ie=UTF8&qid=1444774707&sr=1-12
 * **DVD - Swimming in Auschwitz: Survivor Stories of Six Women** @https://www.amazon.com/Swimming-Auschwitz-Survival-Stories-Women/dp/B003K7FB7C
 * **//The Blue Skunk Blog//** by Doug Johnson @http://doug-johnson.squarespace.com/ (This is a blog.)
 * **//Beverly Sills//** by Larry Strachan @http://www.beverlysillsonline.com/ (This is a Web site.)
 * **//God on Trial//** []
 * //**African Trade Networks (Wonders of Africa Series)**.// To get the information about what to catalog about this video, you have the teacher's guide that came with the video: [] ; here is where you ordered the video from []
 * **//The Very Hungry Caterpillar//** - a video that you ordered from Amazon. []

I will post videos of the subject headings that I did for this practice assignment. **We will not necessarily have the same subject headings (there isn't a "standard" for subject headings).** Hopefully, we will have generally the same subject headings but there is wiggle room.

ITEMS TO NOTE AS YOU GO THROUGH THE LESSON
 * 1) As you go through the ABLE course, there is mention of Pattern Headings. //Sears// has the same thing and it is called "'Key' Headings". Do a find for that page which on the Roman numeral page xli.
 * 2) In order to see an example of a pattern that you use for all cities, look up the key heading of **Chicago (Ill.)** by doing a find. You will see all of the subdivisions that you could use with any city, using Chicago as a pattern. //When I did the search, it was number 12 of 148 instances.//
 * 3) The lesson talks about LC subjects being in all capitals -- //Sears// has the subject headings that can be used in boldface.
 * 4) The lesson talks about form subject headings and with //Sears// form is found in the subdivisions ($v).
 * 5) The lesson talks about period subject headings and with //Sears,// it is found in the subdivisions ($y).
 * 6) The //Sears// version of Free Floating Subdivisions is found on Roman numeral pages xliii ("The Use of Subdivisions in the Sears List" with the list of subdivisions on pages xlv-l.
 * 7) Do a find on **telephone** in //Sears// to see the different ways this item can and cannot be used.


 * Post any questions you have about the exercise and the reading.**